INTERACTIVE+TIMELINE

﻿ || * [|John Holt]'s book, Teach Your Own: A Hopeful Path for Education, adds momentum to the homeschooling movement. ﻿ || * Madeline C.Hunter's book, //Mastery Teaching//, is published. Her [|direct instruction teaching model] becomes widely used as teachers around the country attend her workshops. ﻿ || * [|First release] of [|Apple's Macintosh computers]; first successful personal computer with graphical interface ﻿ || * [|John Goodlad] publishes //A Place Called School// ﻿ || * [|Chernobyl Nuclear Plant accident]
 * =YEAR = || = POLITICS = || = SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY  = || = EDUCATION  = ||
 * =1980 = || * [|Ronald Reagan] is elected 40th president, ushering in a new conservative era, not only in foreign and economic policy, but in education as well. || * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">[|Titanic] found
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Mortimer Adler] publishes [|The Paideia Proposal] ||
 * =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1981 = || * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|Anwar Sadat] assassinated; [|Hosni Mubarek] becomes president of Egypt
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|Israeli] troops bomb PLO Headquarters in Beirut
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|Pope John Paul II] is shot || * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|Voyager 2 reaches Saturn]
 * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">IBM introduces its version of the personal computer (PC) with its [|Model 5150]. It's operating system is MS-DOS.
 * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">First reported case of [|AIDS] || * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> //[|The Catcher in the Rye]// is both most censored book and second most taught book in public schools in the United States
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> 1981 - [|Head Start Act (in P.L. 97-35)]   ||
 * =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1982 = || * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|Falklands] War
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Israel Invades [|Lebanon] || * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|Mary Rose] raised
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;"> [|Plyler v. Doe]: the U.S. Supreme Court rules in a 5-4 decision that Texas law denying access to public education for undocumented school-age children violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Board of Education v. Pico]: U.S. Supreme court rules that books cannot be removed from a school library because school administrators deemed their content to be offensive.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">Against the expectations of the Educational Testing Service, students of Bolivian teacher [|Jaime Escalante] pass calculus exam twice ||
 * =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1983 = ||  || * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Sally Ride] first American woman in space || * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">The [|report] of the [|National Commission on Excellence in Education], //[|A Nation at Risk]// calls for sweeping reforms in public education and teacher training.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">In //Frames of Mind//, [|Howard Gardner] Introduces the Theory of Multiple Intelligences
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[|][|Geoffrey Canada] becomes Education Director of Harlem Children's Zone. ||
 * =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1984 = || * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|Ronald Reagan] wins reelection in a landslide over Democrat [|Walter Mondale]
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|P] [|ublic Law 105-332], the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act, is passed with the goal of increasing the quality of vocational-technical education in the U.S.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|The Emergency Immigrant Education Act] is enacted to provide services and offset the costs for school districts that have unexpectedly large numbers of immigrant students. ||
 * =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1985 = || * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;"> [|Mikhail Gorbachev] elected by the Politburo as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the U.S.S.R . || * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Hole in the [|Ozone layer] [|discovered]
 * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">Microsoft Windows 1.0, the first independent version of Windows, is released, setting the stage for subsequent versions that make MS-DOS obsolete. || * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Simon Baron-Cohen] argues that children with autism appear to lack a "theory of mind" (mindblindness)
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Wallace v, Jaffree]: the U.S. Supreme Court finds that Alabama statutes authorizing silent prayer and teacher-led voluntary prayer in public schools violate the First Amendment.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">1985 [|Jonathan Kozol] publishes Illiterate America
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; textunderline: none;">[|Jeannie Oakes] publishes Keeping Track: How Schools Structure Inequality
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-decoration: none; textunderline: none;">[|Barriers to Excellence: Our Children at Risk] ||
 * =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1986 = || * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|Iran-Contra] Arms-for-Hostages affair brought to light by Lebanese newspaper Al-Shiraa
 * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Voyager 2 reaches [|Uranus]
 * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|Christa McAuliffe] chosen by NASA from among more than 11,000 applicants to be the first teacher-astronaut, but her mission ends tragically when the [|Space Shuttle Challenger explodes]73 seconds after take-off, killing McAuliffe and the other six [|members of the crew]. || * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;"> [|Edwards v. Aguillard, et al]. : the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down a Louisiana requiring that creation science be taught along with evolution.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Education of the Deaf Act (P.L. 99-371)] ||
 * =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1987 = || * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">Iraqi missile hits American Destroyer [|USS Stark]; 37 crewmen are killed.
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|﻿﻿Palestinian] uprising 'Intifada' breaks out in [|Gaza strip]
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Reagan delivers speech] regarding his knowledge of the Iran-Contra affair ||  || * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Stand and Deliver] tells the story of teacher Jaime Escalante in an inner city
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">[|Allan Bloom] publishes //The Closing of the American Mind//
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|E.D. Hirsch, Jr]. publishes //Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know//
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Amy Gutmann] publishes //Democratic Education// ||
 * =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1988 = || * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">The [|USS Vincennes] shoots down[| Iranian Airbus Flight #655]; 290 civilians are killed
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Eight peopole indicted in Iran-Contra scandal; none go to jail
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Reagan's Vice-President, [|George Herbert Walker Bush, is elected]with 53% of the vote. || * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> //A Brief History of Time// by [|Stephen Hawking] published || * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Even Start] family literacy initiative implemented in the U.S
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; textunderline: none;">[|Henry Giroux] publishes //Teachers as Intellectuals: Toward a Critical Pedagogy of Learning//
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; textunderline: none;">[|First deaf president] of [|Gallaudet University named]
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">Gay teacher and straight student create first [|Gay-Straight Alliance] at Concord Academy
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Tribally Controlled Schools Act (in P.L. 100-297)]
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">Education and Training for a Competitive America Act (P.L. 100-418)
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">Educational Partnerships Act (P.L. 100-418)
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">Section 5051 of the [|Anti-Drug Abuse] Act ([|National Commission on Drug-Free Schools]; P.L. 100-690) ||
 * =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1989 = || * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">East German government allows [|East Berliners to cross into West Berlin]. The dismantling of the berlin Wall begins
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|Solidarity] wins a landslide victory over the Communist Party in first free elections in Poland
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|Hungarian Parliament adopts democratic reforms]and pressures Soviet Union to remove troops
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"Velvet Revolution" in [|Czechoslovakia]
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Chinese students killed in [|Tiananmen Square]
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">President George H.W. Bush’s inaugural address invokes the community service vision of a [|"thousand points of light."]President Bush establishes the Daily Point of Light Award for individuals making a difference. The award is now administered by Points of Light Institute. ||  || * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Henry Giroux] publishes //Schooling for Democracy: Critical Pedagogy in the Modern Age//
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|"Turning points"] report identifies problems in middle school, calls for radical reform
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">The University of Phoenix establishes their "online campus," the first to offer online bachelor's and master's degrees.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Dead Poets Society] makes a [|critique of traditional education]
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; textunderline: none;">[|U.N. Declaration on the Rights of the Child] adopted by United Nations General Assembly--but not by U.S.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; textunderline: none;">[|First Education Summit] of state governors, business leaders, and the President covened by G.H.W. Bush. ||
 * =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1990 = || * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">German unification officially completed according to the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Iraq invades Kuwait, beginning the [|Persian Gulf War] || * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;"> [|Tim Berners-Lee], a British engineer and computer scientist called by many the inventor of the internet, writes the first web client-server protocol (Hypertext Translation Protocol or http), which allows two computers to communicate. On August 6, 1991, he puts the first web site on line from a computer at the CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) . in order to facilitate information sharing among scientists. || * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;"> [|Public Law 101-476], the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), renames and amends Public Law 94-142. In addition to changing terminology from handicap to disability, it mandates transition services and adds autism and traumatic brain injury to the eligibility list.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act calls to integrate vocational and academic curricula
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">News and advertisements in schools: First broadcast of [|Channel One] ||
 * =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1991 = || * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Communist hardliners launch a failed coup attempt against Mikhail Gorbachev in the U.S.S.R.
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Gorbachev resigns
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|Effective legal dissolution of U.S.S.R.] ||  || * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">**[|Jonathan Kozol] Publishes //Savage Inequalities//**
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|Molefi Asante] publishes The Afrocentric Idea in Education
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|Arthur Schlesinger] rejects Afrocentrism in //The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society//
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|New York Teacher of the Year John Gatto quits] teaching because he is "no longer willing to hurt children"
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">Minnesota passes the first "charter school" law.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">[|The Smart Board]﻿﻿ (interactive white board) is introduced by SMART Technologies.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 115%;">[|America 2000 proposed], but not enacted ||
 * = <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1﻿992 = || * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Democrat[| Bill Clinton] elected 42nd president of the United States
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">George Herbert Walker Bush pardons the six men who were indicted whose convictions were not overturned; several later accept positions in his son's administration ||  || * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;"> City Academy High School, the nation's first [|charter school], opens in St. Paul, Minnesota, a year after the state passed [|the first charter school law.]
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%;">1992: Are programs for English-language learners adequate? [|Miriam Flores v. Nogales Unified School District] ||